In November 2025 a 60 kilogram satellite called Starcloud-1 reached orbit carrying an Nvidia H100, roughly a hundred times more computing power than anything previously flown, and used it to train a small language model on the complete works of Shakespeare. As engineering milestones go, a GPU reciting sonnets from 325 kilometres up is easy to mock. The harder task is explaining why Google's research division published a detailed system design for doing the same thing at terawatt scale, and why the arithmetic is not obviously wrong.